Bar wound field element



S p 8, 1931. v. 6. APPLE 15822261 ,BAR WOUND FIELD ELEIBNT Fil ed June2a, 1927 4 shuts-sheet 1 Fig. 2

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- Sept. 8, 1931. v. G. APPLE 1,822,261

BAR WOUND FIELD ELEMENT Filed June 28. 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 I N V EN TOR.

Sept. 8, 1931. v. 6. APPLE BAR WOUND FIELD ELEMENT Filed June 28, 1927Sept. 8, 1931. v. s. APPLE BAR WOUND FIELD ELEMENT Filed June 28. 1927 4Sheets-Sheet 4 XXXX/XXXX xjoo Fig. A?

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Patented Sept. 8, 1931 PATENT OFFICE VINCENT G. AIPLE, F DAYTON, OHIOBAR \VOUND FIELD ELEMENT Application filed June 28,

My invention relates to bar wound field elements comprising a core ofmagnetic material and a bar winding, and one of the obj ects of myinvention is to provide a structure which will considerably increase thenumber of applications wherein a bar winning may be employed. Anotherobject is to provide a structure wherein the greatest degree ofelectrical and magnetic balance and the greatest efficiency, for a givenamount of material used, is secured.

A further object is to provide a structure of greatest capacity inminimum dimensions for use where space limitations are imposed.

Still. another object is to proide a structure having higher efliciency,greater durabihty and better appearance at less cost than when made bypresent methods.

These and other objects are more specifically set forth and the mannerin which they are attained fully disclosed in the following description,reference being had to the drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is an endwise viewof the core of magnetic material.

Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive show different units of the bar winding.

Fig. 7 is a view of a core having winding units assembled therein.

Fig. 8 shows how the projecting ends of the winding units are bent inpairs and joined to complete the winding circuit.

Fig. 9 is a view of the structure after protecting caps are placed onthe ends to cover the winding, a cross section being taken thru one capto show the winding terminals.

Fig. 10 shows how my winding may be applied to a rotating field.

Figs. 11 to 15 inclusive are diagrams showing how a core of a givennumber of teeth may be wound with winding units of a given span toprovide the desired number of poles as well as the desired number ofpaths thru the winding.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts thrnout the several views.

For comparison with my present invention the ordinary two layer singleturn bar winding is briefly described. Each turn of such a windingcomprises two conductor bars, one

1927. Serial No. 202,138.

in each layer, spaced apart so as to span a portion of the circumferencesubstantially equal to one divided by the number of poles. At one end ofthe core these two conductor bars are joined to each other by suitableend connecting portions. At the other end of the core similar endconnecting portions join them to succeeding conductors of the circuit.l/Vhen the winding is lap-connected these succeeding conductors lieadjacent the first pair of conductors, and when it is wave-connectedthey lie more widely separated therefrom. In order to suit-ably polarizea core having a lap-connected winding the winding is tapped at as manyequidistant points as there are poles, half for positive connection andhalf for negative connection to the external circuit, which divides thelap-winding into as many parallel paths as there are poles. But thewave-connected winding may be tapped at opposite points, one forpositive connection and one for negative connection to the externalcircuit, and there will be but two parallel paths regardless of thenumber of poles. It follows that, in two windings, each having an equalnumber of bars of equal size, if it is, for instance, a six polewinding, the lap-winding has a circuit thru six parallel paths of acertain length, while the wavewinding has a circuit thru two parallelpaths of triple that length. The manner of con necting the winding thenproducing nine times the ohmic resistance in the one as in the other.

Because of the foregoing well known facts a dynamo electric machineelement may have a circuit of relatively high resistance even tho it hasa two layer single turn bar-winding it the winding is single closed waveconnected, while to provide the same resistance in a lap connectedwinding the single turn bar winding would have to be replaced with awinding having many turns of small wire.

But it is an inherent limitation of a single closed wave winding thatits core must have an odd number of winding apertures. This limitationpresents no difliculty in an armature. where the polarity constantlyshifts around. the core, but a multipolar field core having an oddnumber of winding apertures and a wave connected winding connected tothe external circuit at opposite points would be magnetically dividedinto poles of unequal circumferential extent, and this fault isobviously the more pronounced as the number of poles and the number ofteeth per pole becomes less.

From the foregoing it will appear that should a single turn lapconnected bar winding be applied to the field of a relatively smallmotor such as a starting motor for automotive engines, the bars of thewinding being of practicable size, the current pressure would ofnecessity have to be reduced to about one-third the pressure ordinarilyused for this purpose. On the other hand if the conventional wavewinding was applied to such a core, where the number of poles and thenumber of teeth per pole was necessarily small and the total number ofteeth necessarily odd the winding would be unbalanced.

The foregoing limitations relating to bar windings are well known tothose conversant with the art and are here set forth merely to show bycomparison how an object of my invention is attained by providing a bar'wound inultipolar element having a core with an even-number of teethand a bar -winding which may be either lap or wave connected withoutbecoming subject to the objections pointed out relative to windings ofthe conventional type, thus extending the range within which a barwinding may be employed.

To. illustrate the principle of my invention I first show a fieldelement for a direct ourrentmotor having six equal poles and a twolayersingle closed lap connectedbar winding. The core or magnetic portion ofthe field element is in the form of a cylindrical ring 20, Fig. 1. Thisring is preferably lan1inated, tho for clearness of illustration itappears as a solid ring throughout the drawings. Apertures 21,2l'arespaced about the wardly toward the core axis as at 23, 23, 23.

The loop form of winding is employed, the

- bars of a loop being so spaced apart as to inagnetlcally divide thering into SlX poles,

one north and next south around the inner circumference, each polecomprising three 'fiux carrying teeth 23, 23, 23. Teeth 24, 24, etc,separate the several poles and carry no flux, and, to lessen leakagefrom pole to pole, these teeth are shortened as shown. By forming aportion of the entire number of loops with special end connectingportions, the

circuit thru the winding is divided into two equal parallel paths, andin Figs. 2 to 6 inelusive I show the several forms of loops required tocompose such a winding.

Fig. 2 shows the ordinary winding loop commonly used for a conventionaltwo layer single turn bar winding and is the form of loop herein used tocompose the greater portion of my improved winding. This loop consistsof a conductor bar 25 adapted to occupy a position in the outer layer ofthe winding, a suitably spaced conductor bar 26 adapted to occupy aposition in the inner layer of the winding, and end connecting portionsor leads 27 and 28 joined together at 55.

Fig. 3 shows the special loop which I employ for connection to theexternal circuit. This loop is similar in all respects to the loop shownin Fig. 2 except that the joint 55 is slightly prolonged to form an eye29. Binding post 31 is then attached to eye 29 by rivet 30, or, ifdesired, this binding post may be soldered, welded,.or otherwise joinedto the loop. Binding post31 is in the instant case the positive terminalof the winding, and current entering at this point divides between leads27 and 28' Fig. 3. One only of loops Fig. 3 are used in the windingshown.

Fig. 4;,shows the special loop which provides the negative terminal ofthe present winding. This loop is in all respects similar to loop Fig. 2except that the joint 55 is considerably prolonged to form an eye 33.This eye is bent over as at 32 and tapped as at 34. With loop Fig. 4properly placed in the winding a brush holdermay be attached by a screwentering hole 34. The two equal parallel paths of the winding join atterminal 33. One only of loops Fig. 4 are used in the winding shown.

Fig. 5 shows a special loop comprising two suitably spaced apartconductor bars 25, bothof which are adapted to occupy a position in theouter layer of the winding. Outer layer leads 27 and 27 connect bars 25thru bridge 56. Two loops Fig. 5 are required in the present winding.

Fig. 6 shows a special loop comprising two suitably spaced apartconductor bars 26,

both of which are adapted to occupy a position in the inner layer of thewinding. Inner layer leads 28 and 28 connect bars 26 thru bridge 57. Twoloops Fig. 6 are required in the present winding.

Loops Fig. 5 and 6 may conveniently be called reversing loops since, inthe completed winding, wherever a loop Fig. 5 or 6 is interposed in thecircuit the current changes from clockwise around the teeth to counterclockwise and vice versa. Since both bars of a reversing loop are of thesame layer of the winding, the leads connecting'them are necessarily inthe same angular direction which requires that the leads be connected bybridges 56 and 57 instead of by the plain joint 55 used in the regularloops Fig. 2.

When suflicient loops for the winding have been provided they arestacked in cylindrical formation and simultaneously endwise e11- tere-dinto the core apertures. In stacking the loops prior to entry into thecore it may be found advantageous to stack all of the loops except loopsFig. 5 and 6, then bring loops Fig. 5 from the outside radially inwardand loops Fig. 6 from the inside radially out ward.

After the winding and core are assembled, the structure appears as inFig. 7, where the ends of bars 25 and 26 extend thru and beyond the core20. It will be seen that these ends are all alike, and the problem ofbending them to form leads is no diiferent than in a winding composedentirely of regular loops Fig. 2. By means of a suitable machine, suchas is described in my Patent No. 1,332,154,the outer row of conductorends are displaced circumferentially in one direction and the innerleads circumferentially in the other direction to form outer leads andinner leads 36 Fig. 8, the ends of which are joined, preferably bywelding, as at- 37, 37.

As some form of insulation is required between the conductor bars andthe core apertures this may be provided prior to assembly,

by lining tae apertures with insulating material or by applying same tothe conductor bars.

The method of stacking and endwise entering an entire winding into thecore apertures is of great advantage since it permits the use of coreapertures which are partly or entirely closed, thus eliminating thewedges and other devices commonly employed to hold the bars of a windingin position when cores having open slots are used, which, in elementsrotating at high velocity, must be carefully and accurately fit or be aconstant menace to safety in operation, and said method advantageous,even when open slots are used, since slots which receive the two legs ofa winding loop, being spaced apart around a circumference, are at aconsiderable angle to each other, making it extremely difficult in somecases to radially enter the bars of a loop therein, but while the methodof endwise entry is greatly to be preferred, radially enteringcombinations of the several types of loops which I show, therebyachieving a result similar to that disclosed, is considered to comewithin the scope of this invention.

After the entire winding is assembled with the core as shown in Fig. 8,I provide two flanged pressed sheet metal caps 38 and 39 and place themover the exposed portions of the windings as shown in Fig. 9. Cap 38 hasa squared opening which surrounds the squared portion of binding post31, leaving space between into which a short piece of square tubing 40of insulating material 'is pressed. Another opening in cap 38 is linedwith a bushing 41 of insulating material thru which a screw or stud mayextend to make connection to the winding by engaging the threaded hole34 of eye 33.

Since caps 38 and 39 have an inner diameter substantially equal to thebore of the core, a cylindrical. plug may be inserted lengthwise thrucaps and core and fluid insulating material may then be poured or pumpedinto the space left by the windings to extend therebetwecn andthereabout as at 42, and hardened, or allowed to harden. by heat orotherwise, to form a solid structure wherein the turns of the windingare thoroughly insulated, one from the other, and securely held in theirproper positions. A mold or clamp placed over the flanges of caps 38 and39 may be drawn up so as to somewhat compact the lamime of core 20 to apredetermined length while the insulating material within said caps isbeing hardened, insuring dimensions of uniform accuracy in the finishedstructure, and when the insulating material is sufficiently hard theclamp and the cylindrical plug may be removed, when the field elementwill be complete.

In F 10 I show a longitudinal iross section thru a rotating fieldwherein my winding is employed. Herein, instead of riveting a bindingpost to the eye of one terminal loop as in Fig 3, and bending over theend of another as shown in Fig. 4, two terminal loops are provided byextending the closed ends and bending them toward the axis of the fieldas at 43. Ring 44 having an extending portion 45 and ring l6 having anextending portion 47 are joined to the loops by rivets l8. Otherwise theloops for this winding are like those shown for the stationary fieldFig. 7 and 8 and are therefore assembled in like member, after which theassembled structure may be placed in a mould and insulating materialmoulded about and thru the windings as hereinbefore described saidinsulating material further extending within and between rings A l andto form a support therefor as shown. Current may then be supplied to thewinding by brushes bearing on the rings as in any rotating fieldelement.

In order to more clearly show the current paths and the resultingdistribution of the magnetic tux, I show in Figs. 11 to 15 inclusivewinding diagrams wherein the circumference of the core and the windingis laid. out flat for clcarness, conductors of the outer layer beingrepresented by solid lines and conductors of the inner layer by dottedlines. Fig. 11 represents a diagram of my improved winding as shown inFigs. 1 to 9 where the several types of loops employed are indicated bythe same numerals employed relative to Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive and wherethe eye 29 is the positive terminal and the eye-33 the negative terminalof the circuits. The arrowheads indicate the direction of the currentthru the conductors and the pole,

which are south.

extent of the shading on the teeth the coinparative degree of magneticsaturation of each, the slanting direction of the shade linesindicating, as in common practice in such diagrams, which of the polesare north and It is obvious from the diagrams that the middle tooth 23of a pole,

being influenced by twice the number of conductors as the two outerteeth 28 of the same carries a proportionately greater amount of thetotal flux of said pole, and that an intervening tooth 24 beingoppositely influenced by an equal number of conductors will carry noflux, that the polarization is equally distributed around thecircumference and that the electrical circuit comprises two equalparallel paths.

In Fig. 12 I show a diagram of a six pole lap winding made as inordinary practice and which therefore does not include special loops asshown in Figs. 5 and 6. By tapping flowing in opposite direction, sothat a large portion of the turns are ineffective and a weak bipolarfield is produced from a 6 pole winding.

To properly polarize a winding having loops connected as in Fig. 12 itis usually tapped for connection to the external circuit at six equalpoints as in Fig. 13, where three points 53 are for positive connectionand three points 54 for negative connection. The current then flows thrusix equal parallel paths. The circuit as compared to that shown in Fig11 is then thru a path of three times the cross section and one thirdthe length, making the resistance nine times as low.

Such a widening is suitable where a large volume of current at very lowpressure thru few turns is required, but by comparison it is obviousthat the range within which a bar winding may be used is greatlyincreased by employing my method of intei'posing special loops atsuitable intervals in the winding, as thereby the same sized bars may beemployed in units adapted to greately increased pressure.

Figs. 11, 12 and 13 merely show graphically some of the limitationshereinbefore mentioned relating to bar windings of the ordinary type,and show more clearly how they are overcome by a winding made accordingto my present invention.

By reference to diagram Fig. 11 it may be seen that where my winding isarranged in two equal parallel paths to provide a six pole field, twospecial loops Fig. 5 and two Fig. 6 are used, and without showingfurther diagrams it is assumed to be understood that a four pole elementhaving two parallel paths would require but one loop Fig. 5 and one Fig.6, while an eight pole element would contain three loops Fig. 5 andthree Fig. 6, there being usually one pair less of these loops thanpairs of poles.

In diagrams Figs. 14 and 15 I show a method of further extending therange of my winding by an arrangement of the loops which provides acircuit thru the enire winding in a single path. By using" three loopsFig. 5 and three loops Fig. 6 and loops Fig. 2 for the remainder of thewinding, the continuous circuit thus made may be cut at any point andthe ends thus formed used as terminals whereupon cur' rent will flow ina single path from one of such ends to the other and polarize the corein exactly the same manner as in Fig. 11.

I11 Fig. 14 and 15 the circuit is shown to have been opened by cuttingapart a bridge 57 of a loop Fig. 6 and bending one of the ends thusformed to provide an eye 29 for a positive terminal and bending theother end to form an eye 33 for a negative terminal.

The resistance of a winding as shown in Figs. 14 and 15 is of coursefour times as great as that shown in Fig. 11 or thirty-six times asgreat as the ordinary lap wound connection shown in Fig. 13.

I11 Fig. 14 the leads 27, 28, 35 and 36 are" bent, relative to the bars,as in any lap connected winding while in Fig. 15 their bent relation tothe bars are as in a wave connected winding and by reference to Fig. 15it will be seen that loads 27 and 28 for a wave connected winding arenecessarily longer than for the lap connected winding, so that, otherthings being equal, the lap connected winding Fig. 14 may be preferred.

Polarization of the cores is the same whether my windings are connectedas in Fig. 11, Fig. 14 or Fig. 15.

The embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive isparticularly adapted for the field element of an automotive startingmotor and when so employed presents many advantages over the typecommonly used for this purpose wherein a length of tubing is used as theyoke portion and poles are separately made and bolted to the innersurface of the tube. The structure shown and described provides fluxpaths of least reluctance for a given diameter of field, because of thelarge amount of magnetic material remaining when a sufficient amount hasI been removed to provide space for the windings, and because there areno joints in the magnetic circuit to increase the magnetic reluctance.The magnetic joints made when poles are bolted to a yoke areobjectionable not only because they require careful and accuratemachining but further because they add considerable reluctance to themagnetic circuit, which varies in similar motors, or in different partsof the same motor, according to the degree of accuracy attained.

Applied to a field element, my winding provides the shortest possiblepath for the electric current for a given number of turns, therebyeffecting economy in the use of copper, since the average length of aturn is shorter and the inelfective portions of the circuit have beenreduced to a minimum. Since no two turns of the winding are immediatelyadjacent, a better means is afforded to convey the heat from theconductors, so that the motor may be operated at maximum effort for agreater period of time.

The spaced apart relation of the turns of the winding, one with another,permits of a considerable amount of insulating material being mouldedtherebetween and thereabout, thus providing a maximum of insulationbetween the turns, forming a rigid structure, and protecting the windingagainst the effect of oil and moisture as well as from physical injury.

In a two path winding such as I show in Fig. 11 both paths are of equalresistance resulting in an electrical balance which tends to produce acorresponding magnetic balance. The magnetic balance is further assuredbecause of uniformity in the density of the magnetic material, in thelength of the pole tips, in the thickness of the teeth and because ofthe absence of joints in the magnetic circuit.

The balance in a field of this character produces better conditions inthe armature used therewith, so that when in ordinary practice equalizerrings may be required in an armature structure, they may more safelybeomitted when a better balanced field is provided.

While I have herein shown my improved winding as embodied in fieldelements, which in consequence requires structural details adaptablethereto, other embodiments requiring changes in detail may be used withequal effect, as for instance, elements for alternating current machineswhich may require changes in the terminal loops, and while the bars ofmy winding are shown as having end connecting portions of the diamondtype, the ends of the bars may be joined by separate or integral endconnecting portions of involute or other form as long as they connectthe spaced apart bars of a turn without interference, one end connectingportion with another.

Many other changes in structural detail, incident to its diverseapplications must be considered within the scope of the inventiondefined in the following, wherein, I claim- 1. A two-layer bar winding,the greater part of the turns of which are composed of loops comprisinga bar of one layer joined to a spaced apart bar of the other layer bythe closed end of the loop, the remaining turns being composed of loopshaving two bars in the same layer.

2. A bar wound element of a dynamo elec tric machine comprising acylindrical core of magnetic material having a plurality oflongitudinally extending winding apertures spaced about a circumference,said apertures containing a winding composed of a plurality ofconducting bars and end connecting portions, part of said end connectingportions joining bars of one layer to spaced apart bars of another layerand the remaining end connecting portions joining spaced apart bars ofthe same layer.

3. A bar wound element of a dynamo electric machine comprising acylindrical core of magnetic material having a plurality oflongitudinally extending Winding apertures spaced about a circumference,said apertures containing a plurality of conducting bars, suitablyspaced apart pairs of which are joined by end connecting yokes to formturns of the winding, a portion of the total number of said yokesjoining bars of different layers of said winding and the remaining yokesinterspersed thruout the circuit joining bars of the same layer, thusproviding an electrical circuit thru which current may progress in thesame direction about the core as long as successive turns embody the onekind of yoke but must alter the direction in which it progresses aboutthe core each time that it passes thru one of the other kind of yokes.

a. A bar wound element of a dynamo electric machine comprising acylindrical core of magnetic material having a plurality oflongitudinally extending winding apertures spaced about a circumference,said apertures containing a plurality of conduct-- ing bars, suitablyspaced apart pairs of which are joined by end connecting yokes to formturns of the winding, a portion of the total number of said yokesjoining bars of differ ent layers of said winding and the remainingyokes interspersed thruout the circuit joining bars of the same layer,thus provid ingan electrical circuit thru which current may progress inthe same direction about the core as long as successive turns embody theone kind of yoke but must alter the direction in which it progressesabout the core each time that it passes thru one of the other kind ofyoke, the spaced apart relation of the bars being such, and thereversing yokes being interposed in such positions as will magneticallydivide the core into an even number of poles, one north and the neXtsouth around the circumference.

5. In a multipolar winding, conductor bars in two concentric layers,integral leads extending 'helical'ly in one direction from bars of theone layer, integral leads extendinghelically in the other directionfron'r bars of the other layer, integral joints where helical leads ofthe bars of the one layer meet the helical leads of suitably spacedapart bars of the other layer, except of intervals of one pole spanwhere helical leads of a layer are joined by an integral bridge to thehelical leads of suitably spaced apart bars of the same layer forreasons set forth.

6. A bar wound element of a dynamo electric machine comprising acylindrical core "of magnetic material having a plurality oflongitudinally extending winding apertures spaced apart about acircumference so as to leave an equal number of teeth therebetween,theteeth being equally divided into an even "numberof poles having ashortened tooth between each pair of said poles, said aperturescontaining a plurality of conducting bars, pairs of which, spaced aparta distance suitable to the number of poles, are joined by end zfi''connecting yokes to form turns of the winding, a portion of the totalnumber of said yokes joining bars of diiierent layers of said windingand the remaining yokes interspersed thruout the circuit joining bars ofad the same layer, the spaced apart relation of the' conducting barsbeing such, and the reversing yokes being interposed in such positionsas will induce magnetic flux in alternate direcion'in successive polesbut will induce ah' nomagnetic fiux in the shortened teeth whichseparate the-poles.

7. A multipolar dynamo electric machine element comprising a core, awinding composed of a number of loops, each having a conductor baroccupying a place in the outer layer of-the winding, a conductor baroccupying a place in the inner'layer of the winding, and a yokeconnecting the two bars, said numher-being equal to the windingapertures of the core less the number of poles in the element, twooppositely located terminal loops similar to the first mentioned loopsexcept for-having terminal connection at the closed ends, and loops forthe remaining spaces composed of bars of the same layer joined by endconnecting yokes.

8. A dynamo electric machine field element comprising, a core ofmagnetic material having'an axially extending opening therethru adaptedto receive an armature, a plurality of longitudinally disposed windingapertures at its inner diameter, a bar winding in said apertures andextending axially beyond the core, metal covers attached to the ends ofw sa-id core and enclosing the axially extending ends of said winding,and molded insulating material filling the space within said covers notoccupied by said axially extending ends.

9. A bar wound element of a dynamo electric machine comprising a core ofmagnetic 1, 89a,t61- i material having a plurality of longitudinallyextending winding apertures spaced about a circumference, a plurality ofloops each having a conductor bar of the inner layer of the winding andanother suitably spaced apart conductor bar of the outer layer of thewinding which together compose a winding turn, the number of said loopsbeing less than the number of said apertures, those missing being atintervals about the circumference corresponding to one pole span, thespan left by the first kind of loops being taken by other loops havingtwo spaced apart conductor bars in the same layer of said winding.

10. A method of making a dynamo electric machine element which consistsof providing a core of magnetic material, placing a winding thereon,placing caps over those portions of said winding which extend beyond thecore, introducing fluid insulating material into the space within thecaps not occupied by said winding and hardenin the insulating materialto insulate the windings and bind the entire structure together and tothe said caps.

11. A bar wound dynamo electric machine element comprising, a corehaving aplurality of winding apertures divided into a lesser number ofpoles, and a two layer bar winding in said apertures composed in greaterpart of integral loops having one leg in each layer and in lesser partof integral loops having both legs in one layer, the number of said onelayer loops being equal to the number of poles less two.

12. A bar wound dynamo electric machine element comprising, a corehaving a plurality of Winding apertures divided into a lesser number ofpoles, and a two layer bar winding in said apertures composed in lesserpart of integral loops having both legs in the same layer, and ingreater part of integral loops having a leg in each layer, the number oftwo layer loops being equal to two more than the number of aperturesless the number of poles.

13. A bar wound dynamo electric machine element comprising, a corehaving a plurality of-winding apertures adapted to compose a lessernumber of poles, and winding loops equal to the number of apertures eachintegrally comprising two legs spaced apart a distance of one pole spanand integral ends joining said legs, said winding loops being entered inthe core apertures with the closed ends of the loops all at one end ofthe core and the open ends all brought together and joined in pairs atthe other end of the core, loopsequal to the number of poles less twohaving both of their legs in the same layer and the remaining loopshaving one leg in each layer.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto set my hand this 27th day of June,1927.

VINCENT G. APPLE.

